![]() United States Generation 1 Īn early development version of the AN/PVS-7 goggle Zworykin's invention was not a success due to its size and cost. At that time, infrared was commonly called black light, a term later restricted to ultraviolet. Zworykin's idea came from a former radio-guided missile. Zworykin developed the first practical commercial night-vision device at Radio Corporation of America, intended for civilian use. M2 Sniperscope, 2nd model (World War II)Īfter World War II, Vladimir K.T-120 Sniperscope, 1st model (World War II).Their image-intensifier tubes used an anode and an S-1 photocathode, made primarily of silver, cesium, and oxygen, and electrostatic inversion with electron acceleration was used to achieve gain. These were active devices, using a large infrared light source to illuminate targets. The M1 and M3 infrared night-sighting devices, also known as the "sniperscope" or "snooperscope", saw limited service with the US Army in World War II and in the Korean War, to assist snipers. Parallel development of night-vision systems occurred in the US. The "Vampir" man-portable system for infantry was used with StG 44 assault rifles. Before World War II ended in 1945, approximately 50 (or 63) Panthers had been equipped with the FG 1250 and saw combat on both the Eastern and Western Fronts. The Sperber FG 1250 ("Sparrow Hawk"), with a range of up to 600 m, had a 30 cm infrared searchlight and an image converter operated by the tank commander.Īn experimental Soviet device called the PAU-2 was field-tested in 1942.įrom late 1944 to March 1945 the German military conducted successful tests of FG 1250 sets mounted on Panther Ausf. Two different arrangements were constructed and used on Panther tanks. In mid-1943, the German Army began the first tests with infrared night-vision ( German: Nachtjäger) devices and telescopic rangefinders mounted on Panther tanks. AEG started developing the first devices in 1935. Night-vision devices were introduced in the German Army as early as 1939 and were used in World War II. In 1929 Hungarian physicist Kálmán Tihanyi invented an infrared-sensitive electronic television camera for anti-aircraft defense in the UK. 1.1.5 Generation 3+ (GEN III OMNI I–IX)Įarly night vision technology used prior to the end of World War II has been described as Generation 0.Consequently, though they are commonly used by the military and law enforcement agencies, night vision devices are available to civilian users for a wide range of applications including aviation, driving, demining, etc. The technology has evolved greatly since its introduction, leading to several "generations" of night-vision equipment with performance increases and price reductions. These devices were first used in World War II and came into wide use during the Vietnam War. These can used in conjunction with weapon sights like rifle scopes or can be used as standalone sights some thermal weapon sights have been designed to provide similar capabilities. Some night vision devices are specially made to be mounted to firearms. The laser sight produces an infrared beam that is only visible through an NVD and aids with aiming. When used with firearms, an IR laser sight is often mounted to the user's weapon. Night vision devices can be handheld but many are head-mounted and attach to helmets. Night vision devices may be passive, relying solely on ambient light, or may be active, using an IR (infrared) illuminator to better visualize the environment. The image produced by an NVD is typically monochrome green, as green was considered to be the easiest color to look at for prolonged periods in the dark. objective lens) on NVDs to protect the latter from damage by environmental hazards and some can incorporate telescopic lenses. Many NVDs also include a protective sacrificial lens, mounted over the front lens (ie. A night vision device usually consists of an image intensifier tube, a protective housing, and may have some type of mounting system. By comparison, viewing of infrared thermal radiation is referred to as thermal imaging and operates in a different section of the infrared spectrum. The device enhances ambient visible light and converts near-infrared light into visible light which can be seen by the user this is known as I 2 ( image intensification). A 1PN51-2 night-vision reticle with markings for range estimationĪ night-vision device ( NVD), also known as a night optical/observation device ( NOD), night-vision goggle ( NVG), is an optoelectronic device that allows visualization of images in low levels of light, improving the user's night vision. ![]()
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